Chapter 1. Optimal Scores as an Alternative to Sum Scores (Marie Wiberg).- Chapter 2. Disentangling Treatment and Placebo Effects in Randomized Experiments Using Principal Stratification: An Introduction (Reagan Mozer).- Chapter 3. Some Measures of the Amount of Adaptation for Computerized Adaptive Tests (Mark Reckase).- Chapter 4. Investigating the Constrained-weighted Item Selection Methods for CD-CAT (Ya-Hui Su).- Chapter 5. Modeling Accidental Mistakes in Multistage Testing: A Simulation Study (Thales Ricarte).- Chapter 6. On the Usefulness of Inter-Rater Reliability Coefficients (Debby ten Hove). Chapter 7. An Evaluation of Rater Agreement Indices Using Generalizability Theory (Dongmei Li).