Microbiology

General microbiology is the branch of biology that studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. These microscopic organisms play crucial roles in various aspects of life, from sustaining ecosystems to causing diseases. Here’s a summary of key points in general microbiology: Microbial Diversity: Microorganisms exhibit immense diversity in terms of structure, function, and habitat. Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms with diverse shapes and lifestyles. Viruses are non-living entities that require host cells to replicate. Fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, which are eukaryotic organisms involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes, while algae are photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments. Microbial Structure and Function: Microorganisms have specialized structures that enable them to carry out essential functions. Bacteria possess cell walls, cell membranes, and genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA. Viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. Fungi have cell walls containing chitin and may form multicellular structures like hyphae.