Ahmed Zaki Yamani
The Islamic Shari’a as a phrase has two scope of meanings. Generally and widely construed it denotes everything that has been written by Moslem jurists throughout the centuries, whether it dealt with contemporaneous issues of the time or in anticipation of future ones. The jurist derived their principles from the Qur’an and the Sunna (way of action and the opinions of the Prophet), and from the other sources of Shari’a such as Ijma’, (the consensus of the community represented by its scholars and learned men), and public interest considerations. The Shari’a looked upon in this wide scope constitute a huge Juristic tradition the value of which depends on the individual jurist himself, his era, or even the particular problem confronting him. As such the system has a tremendous scholastic value to the Moslem, however, it has no binding authority; since within it one might find different, and sometimes contradictory principles resolving the same issues, depending on the Juristic school that propagated the principle. Furthermore, it cannot have a binding authority since circumstances that brought about a certain principle might not be in existence any more, and surely we cannot maintain that previous Moslem Jurists have anticipated all our existing contemporary problems. Yet, as I said before in this wide sense, one cannot deny the Shari’a scholastic value as an elaborate system of deduction which should be relied upon for future derivations of principles.Construed narrowly, the Shari’a is confined to the undoubted principles of the Qur’an, to what is true and valid of the Sunna, and the consensus of the community represented by its scholars and learned men during a certain period and regarding a particular problem, provided such consensus was possible. Viewed as such, the Shari’a has a binding authority on every Moslem, and he is obligated to follow and employ it to resolve his affairs, deriving what is not explicit of its principles by the methods and means.The statement that it is too late for Shari’a to face contemporary issues is an exaggerated prejudiced statement, made possible because of the closing of the doors of investigation many centuries ago. The spirit and general principles of Shari’a are as valid today as they were yesterday many centuries ago and as they will be tomorrow many centuries to come. They are like a green oasis in the desolate desert of our lives which is over crowded with problems and conflicting ideologies.At the time of the original publication Ahmed Zaki Yamani was Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.AUTHOR COMMENTSThe Islamic world, relying on the principles of Shari’a, can achieve its own entity, independent of East and West, and by which it can defend and protect itself from the torrent of communism and certain inequities of capitalism.The ability of Shari’a, to developed and evolve to meet the ever-changing needs of society, by relying on the concept of public interest as a source of legislation.The collective notion in Islam should be emphasized, outstanding quality in Shari’a which establishes a profound equilibrium between the individual and the community, should be put in perspective in relation to our own age.When our political leaders begin to think seriously about the happiness and welfare of their people, they shall find in Shari’a a guiding proven system to achieve and fulfill their aims. The immortal principles of Shari’a can be used to correct and cure our social diseases in the Islamic world. Perhaps even the West might find it, again, a ray of light and knowledge to achieve still a more advanced civilization, or at least to preserve its existing one.
