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Europea y la Idea de Nación - Historia como sistema

Europea y la Idea de Nación - Historia como sistema

Europea y la Idea de Nación - Historia como sistema

José Ortega y Gasset

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Editorial:
Omnia Veritas Ltd
Año de edición:
2017
Materia
Historia general y mundial
ISBN:
9781911417347
25,25 €
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¿Qué es una nación? Nación en el sentido que damos a esta palabra cuando la referimos a los pueblos europeos, significa una unidad de convivencia distinta de lo que entendemos por un ‘‘pueblo’’. Un ‘‘pueblo’’ es una colectividad constituida por un repertorio de usos tradicionales que el azar o las visicitudes de la historia ha creado. El pueblo vive inercialmente de su pasado y nada más. Ninguno de esos usos es por sí respetable. Se ha originado mecánicamente. Es un modo de tatuarse o de vestirse, un modo de casarse, de ejecutar ritos vagamente religiosos, un modo de hablar y de gesticular. En los pueblos más primitivos lo más ‘‘popular’’, es decir, lo más constitutivo y simbólico de su conciencia colectiva, son las danzas en torno a los tambores sagrados. Por eso en Nigeria, donde viven próximos unos a otros muchos ‘‘pueblos’’ distintos, próximos pero muy conscientes de su diferencia, para decir que alguien es un extranjero se dice que ‘‘¡Ese baila con otro tambor!’’ No es sino concretar en una palabra, abreviadamente y, por tanto, con deliberada exageración (pero exageración que sirve precisamente para destacar bien la realidad), decir que un pueblo consiste en puras manías acumuladas por el azar, que lo mismo podrían ser otras cualesquiera.La Idea de Nación, que había sido hasta ahora una espuela, se convierte en un freno. Incapaz de ofrecer a cada pueblo un programa de vida futura los paraliza y los encierra dentro de sí mismos. Pero esto significa que las colectividades europeas han dejado de ser propiamente naciones y por un proceso de involución ha retrocedido al estado primitivo de pueblos que no son sino pueblos, ha recaído en la vida propia de sus pequeños usos, hábitos, manías. Los periódicos se ocupan principalmente en conmemorar las glorias caseras, en hablar de sus pequeños hombres, como nunca habían hecho hasta ahora. Al mismo tiempo se cultiva el folklore monumentalizándolo de una manera grotesca. El folklore es el prototipo de lo casero.

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