形而下学

形而下学

Yibo Han

25,21 €
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Editorial:
Dixie W Publishing Corporation
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Filosofía
ISBN:
9781683727170
25,21 €
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本书《形而下学》主要探讨了自然'三观'和价值'三观'。自然'三观'包括宇宙观、存在观和联系观。宇宙观必然包含宇宙运动的总的规律和第一推动。老子的'反者道之动'是一种宇宙观。黑格尔的绝对精神及其辩证运动是一种形而上学形式的宇宙观。形而下学从中文文字的'表意'特点,发现了'势(子)'就是宇宙的本原(子)实体本身。'势'理既不是'物'理,也不是'心'理,它是唯物主义和唯心主义的辩证统一。事物自身包含的两种不同性质的势的势对立构成宇宙运动的总的规律即矛盾律--事物的对立面双方总有从积极面向消极面转化的倾向。这就说明,事物的消极面因素是事物发展的阻力而不是事物发展的动力,或者说矛盾是事物发展的阻力。这与自古希腊以来的传统观念相悖。形而下学存在观是一种'运动观',即个体自时空变化始终保持自身的独一无二的唯一性。这就是存在观的同一律(A-A´)。存在即变化。存在观的同一律和联系观的交换律是形而下学认识论的基础。联系观交换律的纯客观,是形而下学认识论'悬置'意识的根据,让怀疑者无权怀疑。形而下学认识论颠覆了康德先验认识论的基础,揭示了康德关于'自在之物'不可认识的矛盾性。    价值'三观'包括正义观、自由观和幸福观。人类社会经历了势分散、势分裂和势统一的三个历史发展阶段。正义观的第一性原理来自于宇宙观矛盾律的'分析',即只有实现'势统一'才能实现社会文明量(值)的最大化和最优化。民主制度是社会势统一的唯一代表形式,民主是正义的代表。没有真理的标准,公平就失去了'准星'。民主的'四个'基本原则就是现代民主的标准,现代民主是现代文明的标志。衡量一个社会的自由程度包括自由的度和自由度。由此补充并得出了经济可持续发展的三个必要条件。他由的积极自由悖论的发现具有十分重要的现实意义。只有自由的积极自由才能实现真正的自由。自由的不幸福也是幸福,正义的不自由也是自由。这就是价值'三观'的三个层次,正义是第一价值观。   尾篇必由之路介绍了势统一形式的三个发展阶段,即古代奴隶制民主、近代资产阶级民主和现代同民民主。最后是对中国民主化转型即从党的民主向现代民主过渡提出的一些设想。本文不可避免对中西方哲学含有批判的成分,这是中国本土哲学体系的出现必然要经历的过程。

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